Isentropic Flow Relations Calculator

Isentropic Flow Relations Calculator

Perfect gas (γ) :	angles in degrees
Enter Input:	Mach angle (deg.) T/T0 p/p0 rho/rho0 A/A* (sub) A/A* (sup) Mach number P-M angle (deg.)
m:
Mach angle:
P-M angle:
p/p0:
ρ/ρ0:
T/T0:
p/p*:
ρ/ρ*:
T/T*:
A/A*:

Focal Length Calculator - Lens Minimum Focusing Distance

This calculator computes the required focal length to take a picture of an object from the given distance in order to generate an image fitting on your camera sensor size.

Focal Length Calculator

Object size:	mm
Image size:	Select 1/4" 3.6 1/3" 4.8 1/2" 6.4 2/3" 8.8 1" 12.8 mm
Object distance:	m
Magnification:	x
Focal length:	mm
Angle of view:	°

Related Calculator:

• Magnification Calculator

What is gauss?

The gauss, is the cgs unit of measurement of a magnetic field B, which is also known as the "magnetic flux density" or the "magnetic induction". It is named after German mathematician and physicist Carl Friedrich Gauss.

What is Weber?

In physics, the weber is the SI unit of magnetic flux. A flux density of one Wb/m² is one tesla. The weber is named after the German physicist Wilhelm Eduard Weber.

What is Gamma?

gamma rays, and denoted by the Greek letter γ, refers to electromagnetic radiation of extremely high frequency and therefore high energy per photon.

About this Converter Tool:

Convert gauss to Kiloline, WEBER, Milligauss, Gamma units using this electro magnetic conversion tool.

Gauss to Kiloline, Weber, Milligauss, Gamma Converter

Enter Gauss (line per cm2) :
Kiloline per inch2 :	x 10-2
Weber per meter2 :	x 10-4
Milligauss :
Gamma :	x 105

Thermal Expansion Calculator - Linear Expansion Calculation

About This Tool:

Thermal expansion calculator is a online tool to calculate the linear expansion.

What is Thermal Expansion?

Thermal expansion is the tendency of matter to change in volume in response to a change in temperature, through heat transfer. Temperature is defined as the average molecular kinetic energy of a substance.

Formula:

L=α *L₁(T₂−T₁)

Where,

L = Linear Expansion
L₁ = Initial Length
α = Coefficient of Linear Expansion of the Material
T₁ = Initial Temperature
T₂ = Final Temperature

Thermal Expansion Calculator

Initial Length:	m
Initial Temperature:	°C
Final Temperature:	°C
Coefficient of Linear Expansion of the Material:	10-6°C-1
Linear Expansion:	10-6m

Example:

A lead pipe is 80 m long at temperature 20^oC. If the hot water flows through it the temperature of pipe raises to 42^oC. Calculate the length of hot pipe if the linear expansion coefficient is 32 x 10-6K-1.

Step 1 :

Given:

Initial Length L₁ = 80 m,
Initial temperature T₁ = 20⁰C,
Final temperature T₂ = 42⁰C,
Linear expansion coefficient = 32 x 10^-6 K^-1

Step 2 :

The Thermal expansion is given by
L = α x L₁ (T₂ - T₁)
  = 32 x 10^-6K^-1 80 m (80 - 20)⁰ C
  = 56320 x 10^-6 m
  = 0.05632 m.

Answer  :

The thermal expansion L = 0.05632 m.

Curie (Ci) to Gigabecquerel (GBq) Converter - Radioactive Conversion

About This Converter:

Convert Curie (Ci) value to Gigabecquerel (GBq) using this free radioactive unit converter online. 

What is Curie (Ci)?

The curie is a non-SI unit of radioactivity, named after Marie and Pierre Curie. It is defined as 1 Ci = 3.7 × 10¹⁰ decays per second.

Conversion Ratio: 

1 curie (Ci) = 37 gigabecquerel (GBq)

Curie to Gigabecquerel Converter

Curie :	(Ci)
Gigabecquerel :	(GBq)

Helmholtz Free Energy Calculator - Thermodynamics Calculation Online

About This Tool:

Calculate thermodynamic potential using this free Helmholtz Free Energy calculator tool online.

What is Helmholtz Free Energy?

In thermodynamics, the Helmholtz free energy is a potential value that measures the “useful” work obtainable from a closed thermodynamic system at a constant temperature.

Formula:

A = U - T*S

where,

• U  is the internal energy of the system
• T  is the absolute temperature
• S  is the entropy
• A  is the Helmholtz free energy

Helmholtz Free Energy Calculator

Internal Energy (U) :	joules
Absolute Temperature (T) :	kelvins
Entropy (S) :	joules per kelvin
Helmholtz Free Energy (A) :	joules

Related Calculators:

• Gibbs Free Energy
• Enthalpy Change

Enthalpy Change Calculator - Thermodynamics Calculation Online

About This Tool:

Calculate Enthalpy Change of a thermodynamic system using this free Enthalpy Change online calculator tool.

What is Enthalpy Change?

In thermodynamics, enthalpy change states that the change in enthalpy observed to thermodynamic system with constituents of a undergoing a transformation or chemical reaction.

Formula:

Enthalpy change is defined by the following equation:

 ΔH = H_f - H_i 

Where,  

H_f - final enthalpy of the system
H_i - initial enthalpy of the system
ΔH - enthalpy change

Enthalpy Change Calculator

Hf :	joules
Hi :	joules
Enthalpy Change (Δ) :	[joules]

Related Calculator:

• Gibbs Free Energy

Gibbs Free Energy Calculator - Thermodynamics Calculator

About This Tool:

Calculate Gibbs Free Energy of a thermodynamic system using this free Gibbs Free Energy online calculator tool.

What is Gibbs Free Energy:

In thermodynamics, Gibbs free energy is a thermodynamic potential that predicts process whether it will occur spontaneously at constant temperature and pressure.

Formula:

The Gibbs free energy is defined as:

G(p,T) = H - TS

where:

    U - internal energy
    p - pressure
    V - volume
    T - temperature
    S - entropy
    H - enthalpy

Gibbs Free Energy Calculator

Enthalpy (H) :	joule per kelvin
Temperature (T) :	kelvin
Entropy (S):	joule per kelvin
Gibbs Free Energy :	joule per kelvin

Related Calculator:

• Enthalpy Change Calculator

Enthalpy Calculator - Thermodynamics Calculation Online

About This Tool:

Calculate total enthalpy energy of a thermodynamic system using this free Thermodynamics online calculator tool.

What is Enthalpy?

In thermodynamic system, Enthalpy is a total energy of a thermodynamic system at constant pressure. Enthalpy is usually expressed as letter "H".

Formula:

The formula to calculate enthalpy is given by:

H = U + PV

Where,

• U - internal energy of the system
• P - product of pressure
• V - volume of the system

Enthalpy Calculator

Reactant A	None O(3P) O(1D) O(1S) O2(3sigma) O2(1delta) O2(1sigma) O3 H OH HO2 H2O H2O2 N N2 NO NO2 NO3 N2O N2O4 N2O5 NH NH3 HNO HNO2 HNO3 S SO SO2 SO3 HS H2S CO CO2 CH3 CH4 HCO H2CO CH3O CH3O2 CH3OOH CH3NO2 CH3ONO CH3NO3 Cl ClO OClO ClO2 ClO3 HCl HOCl NOCl ClNO2 ClNO3 Cl2O CF4 CClF3 CF2Cl2 CFCl3 CCl4 CH3Cl CH2Cl2 C2Cl4 CH3CCl3
Reactant B	None O(3P) O(1D) O(1S) O2(3sigma) O2(1delta) O2(1sigma) O3 H OH HO2 H2O H2O2 N N2 NO NO2 NO3 N2O N2O4 N2O5 NH NH3 HNO HNO2 HNO3 S SO SO2 SO3 HS H2S CO CO2 CH3 CH4 HCO H2CO CH3O CH3O2 CH3OOH CH3NO2 CH3ONO CH3NO3 Cl ClO OClO ClO2 ClO3 HCl HOCl NOCl ClNO2 ClNO3 Cl2O CF4 CClF3 CF2Cl2 CFCl3 CCl4 CH3Cl CH2Cl2 C2Cl4 CH3CCl3
Reactant C	None O(3P) O(1D) O(1S) O2(3sigma) O2(1delta) O2(1sigma) O3 H OH HO2 H2O H2O2 N N2 NO NO2 NO3 N2O N2O4 N2O5 NH NH3 HNO HNO2 HNO3 S SO SO2 SO3 HS H2S CO CO2 CH3 CH4 HCO H2CO CH3O CH3O2 CH3OOH CH3NO2 CH3ONO CH3NO3 Cl ClO OClO ClO2 ClO3 HCl HOCl NOCl ClNO2 ClNO3 Cl2O CF4 CClF3 CF2Cl2 CFCl3 CCl4 CH3Cl CH2Cl2 C2Cl4 CH3CCl3
Product A	None O(3P) O(1D) O(1S) O2(3sigma) O2(1delta) O2(1sigma) O3 H OH HO2 H2O H2O2 N N2 NO NO2 NO3 N2O N2O4 N2O5 NH NH3 HNO HNO2 HNO3 S SO SO2 SO3 HS H2S CO CO2 CH3 CH4 HCO H2CO CH3O CH3O2 CH3OOH CH3NO2 CH3ONO CH3NO3 Cl ClO OClO ClO2 ClO3 HCl HOCl NOCl ClNO2 ClNO3 Cl2O CF4 CClF3 CF2Cl2 CFCl3 CCl4 CH3Cl CH2Cl2 C2Cl4 CH3CCl3
Product B	None O(3P) O(1D) O(1S) O2(3sigma) O2(1delta) O2(1sigma) O3 H OH HO2 H2O H2O2 N N2 NO NO2 NO3 N2O N2O4 N2O5 NH NH3 HNO HNO2 HNO3 S SO SO2 SO3 HS H2S CO CO2 CH3 CH4 HCO H2CO CH3O CH3O2 CH3OOH CH3NO2 CH3ONO CH3NO3 Cl ClO OClO ClO2 ClO3 HCl HOCl NOCl ClNO2 ClNO3 Cl2O CF4 CClF3 CF2Cl2 CFCl3 CCl4 CH3Cl CH2Cl2 C2Cl4 CH3CCl3
Product C	None O(3P) O(1D) O(1S) O2(3sigma) O2(1delta) O2(1sigma) O3 H OH HO2 H2O H2O2 N N2 NO NO2 NO3 N2O N2O4 N2O5 NH NH3 HNO HNO2 HNO3 S SO SO2 SO3 HS H2S CO CO2 CH3 CH4 HCO H2CO CH3O CH3O2 CH3OOH CH3NO2 CH3ONO CH3NO3 Cl ClO OClO ClO2 ClO3 HCl HOCl NOCl ClNO2 ClNO3 Cl2O CF4 CClF3 CF2Cl2 CFCl3 CCl4 CH3Cl CH2Cl2 C2Cl4 CH3CCl3
Enthalpy	kcal/mol

Picocurie (pCi) to Millibecquerel (mBq) Converter - Radioactive Unit Conversion

About This Tool:

The simple radioactive unit conversion tool convertes Picocurie (pCi) to Millibecquerel (mBq) units.

Becquerel:

The becquerel (Bq) is a derived unit of ionizing radiation dose in the International System of Units. This unit measures radioactivity in a substance. One becquerel is defined as quantity of radioactive material's activity in which one nucleus decays per second.

Conversion Unit Ratio:

1 picocurie (pCi) = 37 millibecquerel (mBq)

Picocurie (pCi) to Millibecquerel (mBq) Converter

Nanocurie :	(pCi)
Becquerel :	(mBq)

 

Related Converters:

• millicurie to megabecquerel

• nanocurie to becquerel

• microcurie to kilobecquerel

• kilocurie to terabecquerel

Nanocurie (nCi) to Becquerel (Bq) Converter - Radioactive Unit Conversion

About This Tool:

The simple radioactive unit conversion tool convertes Nanocurie (nCi) to Becquerel (Bq) units.

Becquerel:

The becquerel (Bq) is a derived unit of ionizing radiation dose in the International System of Units. This unit measures radioactivity in a substance. One becquerel is defined as quantity of radioactive material's activity in which one nucleus decays per second.

Conversion Unit Ratio:

1 Nanocurie (nCi) = 37 Becquerel (Bq)

Nanocurie (nCi) to Becquerel (Bq) Converter

Nanocurie :	(nCi)
Becquerel :	(Bq)

Related Converters:

• millicurie to megabecquerel

• picocurie to millibecquerel

• microcurie to kilobecquerel

• kilocurie to terabecquerel

Physics Calculators

Physics calculators, tutorials, formulas and chars on many physics topics are listed here.

Physics Calculators:-

Archimedes Principle	Active Current (IDD)
Unit Filter Rate Volume	Filtration Rate
Specific Latent Heat Change	Hooke's Law
Spring Force Constant	Fluid Pressure Calculator
Gravitational Potential Energy	Gravity Calculator
Marconi's Law	Kinetic Energy
Centripetal Force	Ohm's & Joule's Laws
Acceleration	Capacitor Charge, Energy
Potassium Permanganate Dose	Momentum Calculator
Magnification Calculator	Ratio of Specific Heat Capacity
Gravitational Force	Capacitor Potential Energy
Electric Field Calculator	Lorentz Factor Calculator

Archimedes Principle Calculator

Archimedes Principle Calculator. Calculate the buoyant force of an object using this Archimedes calculator.

Definition:

Archimedes Principle that, the apparent upward force (buoyancy) of a body immersed in a fluid is equal to the weight of the displaced fluid.

Archimedes Principle formula:

F = V * g * (ρf - ρ0)

Where,

• F: Buoyant force of the object
• V: Volumen of the Object
• ρ0: Density of the fluid
• ρf: Density of the object
• g: acceleration due to gravity, is 9.80665m/s^2

Archimedes Principle Calculator:

Volumen of the object (V) :		m3
Density of the object (ρf):		Kg/m3
Density of the fluid (ρo):		Kg/m3
Buoyant Force (F):		N

Example:

What volume of brass of density 8.5 g/cm³ must be attached to a piece of wood of mass 100 g and density 0.2 g/cm³ so that the two together will just submerge beneath water?

Solution:-

The brass and wood together will just submerge when the average density of the whole is equal to that of water ( 1 g/cm³).

Let the volume of the brass = V ( in cm³), the mass of the brass =8. 5 V ( in g), the volume of the wood = 100/0.2= 500 cm³ and mass of wood = 100 g

For an average density of 1 g /cm³ the total mass bust be numerically equal to the total volume.

Hence,
                100 + 8.5 V = 500 + V
Rearranging      7.5 V    = 400
or                       V       = 400/7.5 = 53.3 cm³ of brass.

Active Current (IDD) Calculator

Active Current (IDD) Calculator tool for Sync SRAMs.This calculator tool can be used to extrapolate IDD values for any arbitrary Frequency below the max frequency specified in the Data sheet.

It requires a data sheet point entries for determining the IDD values of max and lowest frequency. It will return the estimated IDD for the desired frequency.

Active Current (I_DD) Calculator

Enter Max Frequency from Data sheet :	(MHz)
Enter Min Frequency from Data Sheet :	(MHz)
Enter IDD for the Max Frequency :	(mA)
Enter IDD for the Min Frequency :	(mA)
Enter desired Frequency :	(MHz)
IDD (Estimated) :	(mA)
mA/MHz (Estimated) :	(mA/MHz)
Static Current (Estimated) :	(mA)

Unit Filter Rate Volume (UFRV) Calculator

Unit Filter Rate Volume (UFRV) calculator. Online water calculator calculates Unit Filter Rate Volume of liquid(water).

Unit Filter Rate Volume Formula:-

• Unit Filter Rate Volume (UFRV) = Filtration Rate * Filter Run* 60 min/hr

Unit Filter Rate Volume Calculation:-

Filtration Rate:		gpm/sq ft
Filter Run:		hr
Unit Filter Rate Volume (UFRV):		gal/ft2

Filtration Rate Calculator

Filtration Rate Calculator. Online water calculator to calculate Filtration Rate for traveling water through the filter.

Definition:-
Filtration Rate: The rate at which the water is traveling through the filter, expressed in U.S. gallons per minute (gpm) per square foot of filter area.

Formula:-

Filtration Rate = Flow / Surface Area

Filtration Rate Calculation:-

Enter Flow Rate:		gpm
Enter Surface Area:		sq ft
Filtration Rate:		gpm/sq ft

2 April 2013

Specific Latent Heat Change Calculator

Specific Latent Heat - Change Calculator Online. Temperature calculator to calculates Heat Change for a given mass of a substance without  a change in temperature. 

Definition: Latent heat is the heat released or absorbed by a body or a thermodynamic system during a process that occurs without a change in temperature.

The latent heat for a given mass of a substance is calculated by,

Where,

• m: is the mass of the substance
• L: is the specific latent heat for a particular substance
• Q: is the amount of energy released

Specific Latent Heat Change Calculation:-

Mass (m):		kg
Specific latent heat (L):		J kg-1
Heat Change (Q):		J

31 March 2013

Hooke's Law Calculator | Spring Constant Force Calculation

Hooke's Law equation Calculator. Physics calculator to calculate stressed spring force.

Hooke's law Definition:

Hooke's Law states that, strain in a solid is proportional to the applied stress within the elastic limit of that solid.

Hooke's law Formula:

F = kx

Where,

• k: Spring force Constant
• x: Extension or Compression of Spring

Hooke’s Law Calculation:-

Spring Constant (k):		Nm-1
Extension or Compression of Spring (x):		m
Force:		N

Spring Force Constant Calculator

 

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force hooke's law calculator | spring force calculator | spring force constant hooke's law | distance from equilibrium hooke's law | constant force calculator | calculate k hooke's law | spring constant calculation | spring force formula | spring force formulas | find the force constant of the spring | what must the force constant of the spring be | a spring with a force constant of 120 | a spring has a force constant of | a light spring with force constant | hooke's law calculator | hooke's law equation calculator |

Spring Force Constant Calculator

Spring Force Constant - Hooke's Law calculator. Physics calculator to calculate Spring Force Constant value.

Spring Force Constant Formula:-

Where,

• F_x : Force
• x : Distance from equilibrium
• X₀ : Spring equilibrium position

Spring Force Constant - Hooke's Law Calculation:-

Force (Fx):		N
Distance from Equilibrium (x):		m
Spring Equilibrium Position (x0):		m
Spring Force (k):		N/m

29 March 2013

Fluid Pressure Calculator

Fluid Pressure Calculator Online. Physics calculator to calculate Fluid pressure at some point within a fluid.

Definition:-
In physics, Fluid pressure is the pressure at some point within a fluid, such as air, water and more.


Formula:-
Fluid Pressure = Force (F) / Unit Area (a)

Fluid Pressure Calculation:

Force (F):		N
Unit Area (a):		m2
Fluid Pressure (Fp):		N/m2

If Fluid Pressure Calculator works wrong? Report us

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fluid pressure design | design pressure calculator | gauge pressure calculator | surge pressure calculator | bulk modulus calculator | fluid surge | liquid pressure calculation | static fluid pressure calculator |