Isentropic Flow Relations Calculator

Isentropic Flow Relations Calculator

Perfect gas (γ) :	angles in degrees
Enter Input:	Mach angle (deg.) T/T0 p/p0 rho/rho0 A/A* (sub) A/A* (sup) Mach number P-M angle (deg.)
m:
Mach angle:
P-M angle:
p/p0:
ρ/ρ0:
T/T0:
p/p*:
ρ/ρ*:
T/T*:
A/A*:

GDP Calculator - Gross Domestic Product by Income Approach, Expenditure

About This Tool:

This tool calculates Gross Domestic Product (GDP) for products current market value in country by Income Approach, Expenditure methods.

What is GDP?

Gross domestic product (GDP) is a current market value of final products and its services produced in a year. GDP used to estimate the whole countries economic output.

---

GDP Calculator

Formula:

GDP (Y) = C + I + E + G

Where,

Y represents GDP
C represents Consumer spending
I represents Investment made by industry
E represents Excess of exports over imports
G represents Government spending

Consumer Spending :
Investment made by Industry :
Excess of Exports Over Imports :
Government Spending :
Gross Domestic Product :

---

GDP (Gross Domestic Product) by Income Approach Calculator

Formula:

GDP = COE + GOS + GMI + T_{P & M} - S_{P & M}

Where,

COE represents Compensation of employees
GOS represents Gross operating surplus
GMI represents Gross mixed income

Compensation of Employees :
Gross operating Surplus :
Gross mixed Income :
TP & M :
SP & M :
GDP (Y) :

---

GDP (Gross Domestic Product) by Expenditure Calculator

Formula:

Y = C + I + G + net exports(X - M)

Where,

C represents consumption
I represents investment
G represents government spending
X represents exports
M represents imports

Consumption (C) :
Investment (I) :
Government Spending (G) :
Net Exports (X) :
Net Imports (M) :
GDP (Y) :

---

Focal Length Calculator - Lens Minimum Focusing Distance

This calculator computes the required focal length to take a picture of an object from the given distance in order to generate an image fitting on your camera sensor size.

Focal Length Calculator

Object size:	mm
Image size:	Select 1/4" 3.6 1/3" 4.8 1/2" 6.4 2/3" 8.8 1" 12.8 mm
Object distance:	m
Magnification:	x
Focal length:	mm
Angle of view:	°

Related Calculator:

• Magnification Calculator

What is gauss?

The gauss, is the cgs unit of measurement of a magnetic field B, which is also known as the "magnetic flux density" or the "magnetic induction". It is named after German mathematician and physicist Carl Friedrich Gauss.

What is Weber?

In physics, the weber is the SI unit of magnetic flux. A flux density of one Wb/m² is one tesla. The weber is named after the German physicist Wilhelm Eduard Weber.

What is Gamma?

gamma rays, and denoted by the Greek letter γ, refers to electromagnetic radiation of extremely high frequency and therefore high energy per photon.

About this Converter Tool:

Convert gauss to Kiloline, WEBER, Milligauss, Gamma units using this electro magnetic conversion tool.

Gauss to Kiloline, Weber, Milligauss, Gamma Converter

Enter Gauss (line per cm2) :
Kiloline per inch2 :	x 10-2
Weber per meter2 :	x 10-4
Milligauss :
Gamma :	x 105

Icosahedron Calculator | Edge length, Surface Area, Volume, Exsphere, Midsphere, Insphere Radius

About This Tool:

Here you can find the edge length, surface area, volume, exsphere radius, midsphere radius and insphere radius of Icosahedron using this Icosahedron tool.

Icosahedron Formula:

Surface Area (A) = 5 * a² * √3
Volume (V) = 5 / 12 * a³ * ( 3 + √5 )
Exsphere Radius r_e) = a / 4 * √10 + 2 * √5
Midsphere Radius (r_m) = a / 4 * ( 1 + √5 )
Insphere Radius (r_i) = a / 12 * √3 * ( 3 + √5 )
Volume diagonal = 2 * r_e

Icosahedron Calculator

Edge Length (a) :
Volume (V) :
Surface Area (A) :
Exsphere Radius (re) :
Midsphere Radius (rm) :
Insphere Radius (ri) :
Round to   4 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15   decimal places.
	* Enter any one known value

Oersted to Abampere (abamp), Ampere (amp) Turn Converter

What is Abampere?

The abampere, is the basic electromagnetic unit of electric current in the emu-cgs system of units. One abampere is equal to ten amperes in the SI system of units.

What is Ampere?

The ampere, is the SI unit of electric current and is one of the seven SI base units.

What is Oerste?

Oersted is the unit of the auxiliary magnetic field H in the CGS system of units.

About this Tool:

Convert oersted to abampere (abamp), ampere (amp) turn units using this free electro magnetic conversion tool online.

Oersted to Abampere Turn, Ampere Turn Converter

Enter oersted :
Abampere (abamp) - turn / cm :	x10-2
Ampere (amp) - turn / cm :
Ampere (amp) - turn / meter :
Ampere (amp) - turn / inches :

Abampere Turn to Ampere Turn Converter

What is Abampere?

The abampere, is the basic electromagnetic unit of electric current in the emu-cgs system of units. One abampere is equal to ten amperes in the SI system of units.

What is Ampere?

The ampere, is the SI unit of electric current and is one of the seven SI base units.

About this Tool:

Convert abampere (abamp) turn to ampere (amp) turn units using this electro magnetic conversion tool.

Abampere (abamp) Turn to Ampere (amp) Turn Converter

Enter Abampere (abamp) - turn / cm :
Ampere (amp) - turn / cm :
Ampere (amp) - turn / meter :
Ampere (amp) - turn / inches :
Oersted :

Thermal Expansion Calculator - Linear Expansion Calculation

About This Tool:

Thermal expansion calculator is a online tool to calculate the linear expansion.

What is Thermal Expansion?

Thermal expansion is the tendency of matter to change in volume in response to a change in temperature, through heat transfer. Temperature is defined as the average molecular kinetic energy of a substance.

Formula:

L=α *L₁(T₂−T₁)

Where,

L = Linear Expansion
L₁ = Initial Length
α = Coefficient of Linear Expansion of the Material
T₁ = Initial Temperature
T₂ = Final Temperature

Thermal Expansion Calculator

Initial Length:	m
Initial Temperature:	°C
Final Temperature:	°C
Coefficient of Linear Expansion of the Material:	10-6°C-1
Linear Expansion:	10-6m

Example:

A lead pipe is 80 m long at temperature 20^oC. If the hot water flows through it the temperature of pipe raises to 42^oC. Calculate the length of hot pipe if the linear expansion coefficient is 32 x 10-6K-1.

Step 1 :

Given:

Initial Length L₁ = 80 m,
Initial temperature T₁ = 20⁰C,
Final temperature T₂ = 42⁰C,
Linear expansion coefficient = 32 x 10^-6 K^-1

Step 2 :

The Thermal expansion is given by
L = α x L₁ (T₂ - T₁)
  = 32 x 10^-6K^-1 80 m (80 - 20)⁰ C
  = 56320 x 10^-6 m
  = 0.05632 m.

Answer  :

The thermal expansion L = 0.05632 m.

Gigabecquerel Conversion Factors - Radioactivity Conversion Table

About This Conversion Table:

Find the Gigabecquerel Conversion Factors using this online Radioactivity Conversion Table.

Gigabecquerel Conversion Factors Table:

Quantity	Reference Unit		Conversion Value	Unit
1	gigabecquerel	=	0.001	terabecquerel
1	gigabecquerel	=	0.027027027027027	curie
1	gigabecquerel	=	1	gigabecquerel
1	gigabecquerel	=	1000	megabecquerel
1	gigabecquerel	=	1000	rutherford
1	gigabecquerel	=	1000000	kilobecquerel
1	gigabecquerel	=	1000000000	becquerel
1	gigabecquerel	=	1000000000	disintegrations/second
1	gigabecquerel	=	1000000000000	millibecquerel
1	gigabecquerel	=	2.7027027027027E-5	kilocurie
1	gigabecquerel	=	27.027027027027	millicurie
1	gigabecquerel	=	27027.027027027	microcurie
1	gigabecquerel	=	27027027.027027	nanocurie
1	gigabecquerel	=	27027027027.027	picocurie
1	gigabecquerel	=	60000000000	disintegrations/minute
Quantity	Unit		Conversion Value	Reference Unit
1	becquerel	=	1.00E-09	gigabecquerel
1	curie	=	37	gigabecquerel
1	disintegrations/minute	=	1.67E-11	gigabecquerel
1	disintegrations/second	=	1.00E-09	gigabecquerel
1	gigabecquerel	=	1	gigabecquerel
1	kilobecquerel	=	1.00E-06	gigabecquerel
1	kilocurie	=	37000	gigabecquerel
1	megabecquerel	=	0.001	gigabecquerel
1	microcurie	=	3.70E-05	gigabecquerel
1	millibecquerel	=	1.00E-12	gigabecquerel
1	millicurie	=	0.037	gigabecquerel
1	nanocurie	=	3.70E-08	gigabecquerel
1	picocurie	=	3.70E-11	gigabecquerel
1	rutherford	=	0.001	gigabecquerel
1	terabecquerel	=	1000	gigabecquerel

Related Converters:

• Curie (Ci) to Becquerels (Bq) Converter
• Becquerels (Bq) to Curie (Ci) Converter
• Kilocurie (kCi) to Terabecquerel (TBq) Converter
• Microcurie (µCi) to Kilobecquerel (kBq) Converter
• Millicurie (mCi) to Megabecquerel (MBq) Converter
• Nanocurie (nCi) to Becquerel (Bq) Converter
• Picocurie (pCi) to Millibecquerel (mBq) Converter
• Sievert Converter
• Curie (Ci) to Gigabecquerel (GBq) Converter

How to Calculate Area, Radius, Diameter, Circumference of Circle?

About this Tutorial:

Find How to Calculate Area, Radius, Diameter, Circumference of Circle with known single value of a circle

How to calculate, If you know a circle has an Area (A) of 19.6 square units, you can calculate Radius (r), Diameter (D), and Circumference (C) as follows:

Radius (r) = √ (A ÷ π)
Radius (r) = √ (19.6 ÷ 3.14159)
Radius (r) = √ (6.238879038957981)
Radius (r) = 2.4977737626138796

Circumference (C) = π * (r * 2)
Circumference (C) = 3.14159 * (2.4977737626138796 * 2)
Circumference (C) = 3.14159 * (4.995547525227759)
Circumference (C) = 15.6939754059142

Diameter (D) = r * 2
Diameter (D) = 2.4977737626138796 * 2
Diameter (D) = 4.995547525227759

How to calculate, If you know a circle has a Circumference (C) of 15.7, you can calculate Area (A), Diameter (D), and Radius (r) as follows:

Diameter (D) = C ÷ π
Diameter (D) = 15.7 ÷ 3.14159
Diameter (D) = 4.997465213085514

Radius (r) = D ÷ 2
Radius (r) = 4.997465213085514 ÷ 2
Radius (r) = 2.498732606542757

Area (A) =  π * r * r;
Area (A) =  3.14159 * 2.498732606542757 * 2.498732606542757
Area (A) =  7.84999336938866 * 2.498732606542757
Area (A) =  19.61505096136064 square units

How to calculate, If you know a circle has a Diameter (D) of 6, you can calculate Area (A), Circumference (C), and Radius (r) as follows:

Radius (r) = D ÷ 2
Radius (r) = 6 ÷ 2
Radius (r) = 3

Circumference (C) = π * (r * 2)
Circumference (C) = 3.14159 * (3 * 2)
Circumference (C) = 3.14159 * (6)
Circumference (C) = 18.84955592153876

Area (A) =  π * r * r;
Area (A) =  3.14159 * 3 * 3
Area (A) =  9.424769999999999 * 3
Area (A) =  28.274333882308138 square units

How to calculate, If you know a circle has a Radius (r) of 4, you can calculate Area (A), Diameter (D), and Circumference (C), as follows:

Diameter (D) = r * 2
Diameter (D) = 4 * 2
Diameter (D) = 8

Circumference (C) = π * (r * 2)
Circumference (C) = 3.14159 * (4 * 2)
Circumference (C) = 3.14159 * (8)
Circumference (C) = 25.132741228718345

Area (A) =  π * r * r;
Area (A) =  3.14159 * 4 * 4
Area (A) =  12.56636 * 4
Area (A) =  50.26548245743669 square units

Curie (Ci) to Gigabecquerel (GBq) Converter - Radioactive Conversion

About This Converter:

Convert Curie (Ci) value to Gigabecquerel (GBq) using this free radioactive unit converter online. 

What is Curie (Ci)?

The curie is a non-SI unit of radioactivity, named after Marie and Pierre Curie. It is defined as 1 Ci = 3.7 × 10¹⁰ decays per second.

Conversion Ratio: 

1 curie (Ci) = 37 gigabecquerel (GBq)

Curie to Gigabecquerel Converter

Curie :	(Ci)
Gigabecquerel :	(GBq)

Helmholtz Free Energy Calculator - Thermodynamics Calculation Online

About This Tool:

Calculate thermodynamic potential using this free Helmholtz Free Energy calculator tool online.

What is Helmholtz Free Energy?

In thermodynamics, the Helmholtz free energy is a potential value that measures the “useful” work obtainable from a closed thermodynamic system at a constant temperature.

Formula:

A = U - T*S

where,

• U  is the internal energy of the system
• T  is the absolute temperature
• S  is the entropy
• A  is the Helmholtz free energy

Helmholtz Free Energy Calculator

Internal Energy (U) :	joules
Absolute Temperature (T) :	kelvins
Entropy (S) :	joules per kelvin
Helmholtz Free Energy (A) :	joules

Related Calculators:

• Gibbs Free Energy
• Enthalpy Change

Enthalpy Change Calculator - Thermodynamics Calculation Online

About This Tool:

Calculate Enthalpy Change of a thermodynamic system using this free Enthalpy Change online calculator tool.

What is Enthalpy Change?

In thermodynamics, enthalpy change states that the change in enthalpy observed to thermodynamic system with constituents of a undergoing a transformation or chemical reaction.

Formula:

Enthalpy change is defined by the following equation:

 ΔH = H_f - H_i 

Where,  

H_f - final enthalpy of the system
H_i - initial enthalpy of the system
ΔH - enthalpy change

Enthalpy Change Calculator

Hf :	joules
Hi :	joules
Enthalpy Change (Δ) :	[joules]

Related Calculator:

• Gibbs Free Energy

Gibbs Free Energy Calculator - Thermodynamics Calculator

About This Tool:

Calculate Gibbs Free Energy of a thermodynamic system using this free Gibbs Free Energy online calculator tool.

What is Gibbs Free Energy:

In thermodynamics, Gibbs free energy is a thermodynamic potential that predicts process whether it will occur spontaneously at constant temperature and pressure.

Formula:

The Gibbs free energy is defined as:

G(p,T) = H - TS

where:

    U - internal energy
    p - pressure
    V - volume
    T - temperature
    S - entropy
    H - enthalpy

Gibbs Free Energy Calculator

Enthalpy (H) :	joule per kelvin
Temperature (T) :	kelvin
Entropy (S):	joule per kelvin
Gibbs Free Energy :	joule per kelvin

Related Calculator:

• Enthalpy Change Calculator

Enthalpy Calculator - Thermodynamics Calculation Online

About This Tool:

Calculate total enthalpy energy of a thermodynamic system using this free Thermodynamics online calculator tool.

What is Enthalpy?

In thermodynamic system, Enthalpy is a total energy of a thermodynamic system at constant pressure. Enthalpy is usually expressed as letter "H".

Formula:

The formula to calculate enthalpy is given by:

H = U + PV

Where,

• U - internal energy of the system
• P - product of pressure
• V - volume of the system

Enthalpy Calculator

Reactant A	None O(3P) O(1D) O(1S) O2(3sigma) O2(1delta) O2(1sigma) O3 H OH HO2 H2O H2O2 N N2 NO NO2 NO3 N2O N2O4 N2O5 NH NH3 HNO HNO2 HNO3 S SO SO2 SO3 HS H2S CO CO2 CH3 CH4 HCO H2CO CH3O CH3O2 CH3OOH CH3NO2 CH3ONO CH3NO3 Cl ClO OClO ClO2 ClO3 HCl HOCl NOCl ClNO2 ClNO3 Cl2O CF4 CClF3 CF2Cl2 CFCl3 CCl4 CH3Cl CH2Cl2 C2Cl4 CH3CCl3
Reactant B	None O(3P) O(1D) O(1S) O2(3sigma) O2(1delta) O2(1sigma) O3 H OH HO2 H2O H2O2 N N2 NO NO2 NO3 N2O N2O4 N2O5 NH NH3 HNO HNO2 HNO3 S SO SO2 SO3 HS H2S CO CO2 CH3 CH4 HCO H2CO CH3O CH3O2 CH3OOH CH3NO2 CH3ONO CH3NO3 Cl ClO OClO ClO2 ClO3 HCl HOCl NOCl ClNO2 ClNO3 Cl2O CF4 CClF3 CF2Cl2 CFCl3 CCl4 CH3Cl CH2Cl2 C2Cl4 CH3CCl3
Reactant C	None O(3P) O(1D) O(1S) O2(3sigma) O2(1delta) O2(1sigma) O3 H OH HO2 H2O H2O2 N N2 NO NO2 NO3 N2O N2O4 N2O5 NH NH3 HNO HNO2 HNO3 S SO SO2 SO3 HS H2S CO CO2 CH3 CH4 HCO H2CO CH3O CH3O2 CH3OOH CH3NO2 CH3ONO CH3NO3 Cl ClO OClO ClO2 ClO3 HCl HOCl NOCl ClNO2 ClNO3 Cl2O CF4 CClF3 CF2Cl2 CFCl3 CCl4 CH3Cl CH2Cl2 C2Cl4 CH3CCl3
Product A	None O(3P) O(1D) O(1S) O2(3sigma) O2(1delta) O2(1sigma) O3 H OH HO2 H2O H2O2 N N2 NO NO2 NO3 N2O N2O4 N2O5 NH NH3 HNO HNO2 HNO3 S SO SO2 SO3 HS H2S CO CO2 CH3 CH4 HCO H2CO CH3O CH3O2 CH3OOH CH3NO2 CH3ONO CH3NO3 Cl ClO OClO ClO2 ClO3 HCl HOCl NOCl ClNO2 ClNO3 Cl2O CF4 CClF3 CF2Cl2 CFCl3 CCl4 CH3Cl CH2Cl2 C2Cl4 CH3CCl3
Product B	None O(3P) O(1D) O(1S) O2(3sigma) O2(1delta) O2(1sigma) O3 H OH HO2 H2O H2O2 N N2 NO NO2 NO3 N2O N2O4 N2O5 NH NH3 HNO HNO2 HNO3 S SO SO2 SO3 HS H2S CO CO2 CH3 CH4 HCO H2CO CH3O CH3O2 CH3OOH CH3NO2 CH3ONO CH3NO3 Cl ClO OClO ClO2 ClO3 HCl HOCl NOCl ClNO2 ClNO3 Cl2O CF4 CClF3 CF2Cl2 CFCl3 CCl4 CH3Cl CH2Cl2 C2Cl4 CH3CCl3
Product C	None O(3P) O(1D) O(1S) O2(3sigma) O2(1delta) O2(1sigma) O3 H OH HO2 H2O H2O2 N N2 NO NO2 NO3 N2O N2O4 N2O5 NH NH3 HNO HNO2 HNO3 S SO SO2 SO3 HS H2S CO CO2 CH3 CH4 HCO H2CO CH3O CH3O2 CH3OOH CH3NO2 CH3ONO CH3NO3 Cl ClO OClO ClO2 ClO3 HCl HOCl NOCl ClNO2 ClNO3 Cl2O CF4 CClF3 CF2Cl2 CFCl3 CCl4 CH3Cl CH2Cl2 C2Cl4 CH3CCl3
Enthalpy	kcal/mol

Sievert Converter - Radiation Conversion Calculator

About This Converter:

Convert from Kilorem (krem) to Sievert (Sv), Rem (pCi) to Millisievert (mBq), Millirem (mrem) to Microsievert (µSv), Picocurie (µrem) to Manosievert (nSv) using this radiation conversion tool.

What is Sievert:

The sievert is a derived unit of ionizing radiation dose in the International System of Units. The unit reflects the biological effects absorbed in ionizing radiation. One sievert is defined as the total amount of radiation equivalent in biological effectiveness to one gray of gamma radiation.

Kilorem (krem) to Sievert (Sv) Converter

1 kilorem (krem) = 10 sievert (Sv)  

Kilorem :	(krem)
Sievert :	(Sv)

---

Rem (pCi) to Millisievert (mBq) Converter

1 rem (rem) = 10 millisievert (mSv)

Rem :	(rem)
Millisievert :	(mSv)

---

Millirem (mrem) to Microsievert (µSv) Converter

1 millirem (mrem) = 10 microsievert (µSv)

Millirem :	(mrem)
Microsievert :	(µSv)

---

Picocurie (µrem) to Manosievert (nSv) Converter

1 microrem (µrem) = 10 nanosievert (nSv)

Microrem :	(µrem)
Manosievert :	(nSv)

Brake Horsepower Calculator - Pump Calculation

About This Tool:

Here you can calculate Brake Horsepower online by using this free Motor Pump Horsepower calculator tool.

Formula:

Horsepower Brake = (Flow * Head ) / ( 3960 * (Decimal Pump Efficiency) )

Brake Horsepower Calculator

Flow :	gpm
Head :	ft
Decimal Pump Efficiency :
Horsepower, Brake	bhp

Related Calculators:

• Water Horsepower - Pump Calculation
• Motor Horsepower - Pump Calculation

Motor Horsepower Calculator - Pump Calculation

About This Tool:

Here you can calculate Motor Horsepower online by using this free Motor Pump Horsepower calculator tool.

Formula:

Horsepower, Motor = (Flow * Head ) / (3960 * (Decimal Pump Efficiency)* Decimal Motor Efficiency)

Motor Horsepower Calculator

Flow :	gpm
Head :	ft
Decimal Pump Efficiency :
Decimal Motor Efficiency :
Horsepower, Motor	mhp

Related Calculators:

• Water Horsepower Calculation
• Brake Horsepower Calculation

Water Horsepower Calculator - Pump Calculation

About This Tool:

Here you can calculate Water Horsepower online by using this free Water Pump Horsepower calculator tool.

Formula:

Horsepower, Water = (Flow * Head) / 3960

Water Horsepower Calculator

Flow :	gpm
Head :	ft
Horsepower, Water	whp

Related Calculators:

• Motor Horsepower Calculation
• Brake Horsepower Calculation

Hydraulic Loading Rate (HLR) Calculator

About This Tool:

Calculate Hydraulic Loading Rate (HLR) online for free using Hydraulic Loading Rate tool.

Hydraulic Loading Rate (HLR) Formula:

HLR = (Total Flow Applied / Area)

Hydraulic Loading Rate Calculator

Total Flow Applied :	(gpd)
Area :	(sq ft)
Hydraulic Loading Rate (HLR):	(gpd/sq ft)

Related Calculator:

• Hydraulic Retention Time